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      Coat of arms of Iceland
      Government of Iceland 05.05.2026 13:23
      NOTE: This article is more than 5 years old.
      03 June 2020
      /

      „Við lifum á skeggöld og skálmöld“

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      Pétur Benediktsson, sendiherra. Hann hóf störf í utanríkisráðuneyti Dana árið 1930 og varð sendifulltrúi Íslands í London 1940.

      „Við lifum á skeggöld og skálmöld. Tvö meginöfl eigast við í heiminum, og þótt vopnaburður hafi ekki tíðkast með Íslendingum um nokkrar aldir, höfum við orðið að taka okkar skerf í afleiðingunum.“

      Svo mælti fyrsti sendifulltrúi Íslands í Bretlandi, Pétur Benediktsson, til þjóðarinnar í útvarpsávarpi frá stríðshrjáðri London þann 1. desember 1940. Fyrr sama ár hafði sendiráð Íslands í London verið opnað við talsvert sérstakar aðstæður enda síðari heimsstyrjöldin í algleymingi. Aðdraganda að skipun sendifulltrúa og opnun sendiráðs í Bretlandi er lýst í ævisögu fyrsta sendifulltrúa og síðar sendiherra Íslands í Bretlandi, Pétur Ben. (1998) eftir Jakob F. Ásgeirsson. Er stuðst við þá frásögn hér, sem og bréfasamskipti sem fóru á milli landanna á þessum tíma. 

      Ævisaga Péturs Benediktssonar eftir Jakob F. Ásgeirsson kom út árið 1998. Frásögn sú sem birtist hér að neðan er byggð á henni.

      Ævisaga Péturs Benediktssonar eftir Jakob F. Ásgeirsson kom út árið 1998. Frásögn sú sem birtist hér að neðan er meðal annars byggð á henni.

      Sendiráð Íslands í London opnar og sendifulltrúi skipaður

      Í upphafi seinni heimsstyrjaldarinnar settu Bretar hafnbann á Þýskaland sem þá var eitt helsta viðskiptaland Íslands. Íslendingar höfðu lýst yfir hlutleysi við fullveldistökuna 1918 og höfðu hug á að semja við ófriðarþjóðirnar um viðskipti sem ekki stofnuðu þessu hlutleysi í hættu. En Ísland var landfræðilega á bresku áhrifasvæði og því ekki hægt að ganga til viðskiptasamninga við Þjóðverja án þess að gera fyrst samkomulag við Breta sem gátu komið í veg fyrir siglingar milli Íslands og Þýskalands. Því þótti brýnt að Ísland hefði fulltrúa í London og fór íslenska ríkisstjórnin fram á að danska utanríkisráðuneytið sendi Pétur Benediktsson þangað þegar í stað, en hann hafði áður starfað við utanríkisþjónustu konungs. Ákveðið var að Pétur yrði fulltrúi bresk-íslenskrar fastanefndar sem skipuð var til að hafa umsjón með viðskiptum Íslands og Bretlands meðan styrjöldin stæði, en hann yrði einnig til taks fyrir stjórnina ef á þyrfti að halda. 

      Þann 9. apríl 1940 réðust Þjóðverjar inn í Danmörku og í kjölfarið tók ríkisstjórn Íslands við meðferð konungsvalds til bráðabirgða og því lýst yfir að Íslendingar tækju nú að öllu leyti meðferð utanríkismála í eigin hendur. Pétur Benediktsson var útnefndur sendifulltrúi til bráðabirgða og skrifstofa hans við Ryder Street 14 því í raun orðin sendiráð Íslands í London, en hann var formlega skipaður sendifulltrúi í London 27. apríl 1940. 

      Þann 7. ágúst afhenti Pétur utanríkisráðherra Bretlands, Lord Halifax, bréf utanríkismálaráðherra Íslands um útnefningu sína sem sendifulltrúa, en fáeinum mánuðum áður höfðu Bretar hernumið Ísland. Lýsti hann heimsókn sinni til ráðherrans breska svo í bréfi til utanríkisráðuneytisins:

      Pétur Benediktssonar lýsir heimsókn sinni til Lord Halifax.„Lord Halifax tók mér mjög vinsamlega og spurði margs um Ísland, bæði landshagi og stjórnarfar. Er víst óþarft að færa efni samtalsins í letur að öðru en því, að Lord Halifax leitaði frétta af því, hvernig brezka setuliðið kæmi sér við landsmenn; gat hann þess í því sambandi, að hann hefði nýlega fengið bréf frá félaga sínum úr styrjöldinni 1914-18, sem nú væri foringi einhverrar herdeildar á Íslandi og yndi mjög vel hag sínum. Eg kvaðst ekki hafa haft miklar fregnir af setuliðinu, en Íslendingum og Bretum hafi ævinlega komið vel saman, og eg gerði því ráð fyrir að sambúðin milli brezku hermannanna og landsmanna væri góð.“

      Ávarp frá stríðshrjáðri London

      Á fullveldisdaginn 1940 flutti Pétur sem fyrr getur ávarp í útvarpsútsendingu BBC til Íslands þar sem hann talaði til þjóðarinnar frá London. Þá stóð yfir loftárásaveturinn mikli, en um níu mánaða skeið á árunum 1940-41 stóðu loftárásir yfir nær hverja nótt. Íslendingar í borginni lærðu eins og aðrir hvernig fara ætti með gassprengjur og slökkva í eldsprengjum. Ræða Péturs af þessu tilefni hljóðaði svo: 

      „Við lifum á skeggöld og skálmöld. Tvö meginöfl eigast við í heiminum, og þótt vopnaburður hafi ekki tíðkast með Íslendingum um nokkrar aldir, höfum við orðið að taka okkar skerf í afleiðingunum. 

      [...]

      Heimsstyrjöldin 1914-18 færði Íslendingum heim sanninn um það, að öllum þeirra málum væri best komið í þeirra eigin höndum, og fullveldi landsins var viðurkennt nærri samtímis því að stórþjóðirnar lögðu niður vopnin. Í þriðju stórveldastyrjöldinni leiddu atvikin til þess, að sambandsþjóð okkar gat ekki lengur farið með þau mál er henni höfðu verið falin á okkar vegum og að við urðum að taka í eigin hendur meðferð konungsvalds.

      [...]

      En stuttu eftir að við höfðum tekið öll okkar mál í eigin hendur, og eftir að tvær höfuðþjóðirnar í hinum enskumælandi heimi höfðu viðurkennt þetta ástand með því að veita fulltrúum íslensku stjórnarinnar viðtöku, fór það svo að Ísland dróst inn í hringiðuna og var hernumið. Það sæmir ekki, að ég leggi neinn dóm á þau atvik að þessu sinni, þótt það sé skylt að segja að margar Evrópuþjóðir séu nú að ósekju verr farnar en við. Og einnig er vert að minnast þess, að það ríki, sem hefur hernumið Ísland, er hið sama sem fyrir 130 árum rak hungurvofuna frá ströndum landsins án þess að heimta nokkur hlunnindi sér til handa á eftir,- og átti þó öll ráð landsins í hendi sér. Ég veit, að ýmsir hinir bestu Íslendingar hafa ugg út af hernáminu, að það muni leiða til langvarandi og ævarandi hafta á sjálfstæði landsins. En höfum við ástæðu til að tortryggja hin hátíðlegu loforð Bretastjórnar í því efni? - Þeirrar stjórnar sem er reiðubúin að ræða hvert mál, sem fram er borið af hálfu hins minnsta Evrópuríkis, á þann hátt er jafningjar ræða, á grundvelli réttlætis og sanngirni, en ekki aflsmunar. - Nei, þótt dimmt sé í svip mun það sannast, að eyjan hvíta á sér enn vor, ef fólkið þorir“

      (Jakob F. Ásgeirsson, Pétur Ben. (1998), bls. 109-110) 

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